CAS-ESM2-0 Radiative Kernels under 1×, 2×, and 4×CO2 Forcing Levels

This dataset contains top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiative kernels constructed using the CAS-ESM2-0 Earth system model under three CO₂ forcing levels: pre-industrial (1×CO₂), doubled (2×CO₂), and quadrupled (4×CO₂). Radiative fluxes are computed using the RRTMG radiative transfer model, with 3-hourly atmospheric states derived from three 10-year simulations: piControl, abrupt-2xCO2, and abrupt-4xCO2. Included archives:- 1xCO2.zip – pre-industrial level (284.7 ppmv)- 2xCO2.zip – doubled CO₂ (569.4 ppmv)- 4xCO2.zip – quadrupled CO₂ (1138.8 ppmv) Each archive contains the following NetCDF files: - dp_plev.nc: Pressure thickness (Δp) of each model level, used for vertical integration and remapping.- LW_ts_kernel.nc: Longwave kernel for surface temperature (ts); surface temperature increased uniformly by 1 K.- LW_ta_kernel.nc: Longwave kernel for air temperature (ta); each level perturbed by +1 K separately.- LW_ta_plev_kernel.nc: LW ta kernel remapped to CMIP6-standard 19 pressure levels.- LW_wv_kernel.nc: Longwave kernel for water vapor (wv); specific humidity perturbed level by level, assuming 1 K warming at fixed relative humidity.- LW_wv_plev_kernel.nc: LW wv kernel remapped to CMIP6-standard 19 pressure levels.- SW_wv_kernel.nc: Shortwave kernel for water vapor (wv) on model levels.- SW_wv_plev_kernel.nc: SW wv kernel remapped to CMIP6-standard 19 pressure levels.- SW_alb_kernel.nc: Shortwave kernel for surface albedo (alb); albedo increased by 1%. All kernels are provided separately for all-sky and clear-sky conditions.