Replication data and code for “Human capital and the environmental cost of development: Evidence from ecological and carbon footprints in Brazil”

This dataset contains the processed annual data and Stata replication code used to estimate the ARDL–ECM, NARDL, Toda–Yamamoto causality, and robustness models for Brazil over 1970–2021. The data were compiled from publicly available sources, including the Global Footprint Network, World Development Indicators, Penn World Table, Our World in Data, and the Energy Institute.