Gut Microbiome Signatures Linked to Cognitive Improvement in Older Adults After Mediterranean and Modified Mediterranean-Ketogenic Diets

In this randomized parallel-arm clinical trial, 31 participants (24/7 F/M, age 55-85 yrs, mean BMI 31.6 +/- 8.7 kg/m2) with MoCA scores of 17-26 (MCI) or over 27 (CN) were randomized to a MED (n=16, 8 MCI) or an MKD (n=15, 9 MCI) group. Weekly 1-hour dietitian-led meetings provided tailored nutrition education and lifestyle strategies, and gut microbiome was assessed via 16S sequencing.