Dosing phosphate effect on drinking water biofilms. Drinking water biofilms

Water utilities treat drinking water by adding phosphate to prevent metal dissolution from water pipe work systems and particularly lead poisoning. Phosphate can be a limiting nutrient for microbial biofilms in DWDS, yet its effects on these microbial consortia are not well understood. This research presents results from phosphate dosing experiments using a real scale chlorinated DWDS, comparing standard phosphate concentrations of UK drinking water (1 mgP/L) with a double dose (2 mgP/L) commonly used in plumbosolvency treatment.