Implementation of new regulations for prescribing and dispensing of antibiotics: challenges and possibilities

Abstract Introduction Inappropriate use and prescription of antimicrobials and the pressure from the pharmaceutical industry for their use have turned bacterial resistance into a global public health problem. Objective This study aimed to analyze the implementation process of ANVISA’s Board of Directors Resolution (RDC) 20/2011 for antimicrobials control. Method Kingdon’s Multiple Streams Model was used to examine the inclusion of antimicrobial control into the government agenda and its subsequent shaping into public policy. Several methodological strategies were employed, such as bibliographic review, document analysis, the search for stories in the media and information from interviews with key informants. Conclusion In addition to legislation and regulations of the use and prescription of antimicrobials, easier population’s access to health professionals to avoid self-medication and promote correct use, it is necessary to implement efforts such as education of professionals and the general population, not only to achieve rational use, but also to reduce antimicrobial resistance.