Volatile Components and Antitumor Activity of Ganoderma lucidum Spore Oil and Its Molecular Distillation Components

[Objectives] To compare the effects of molecular distillation on the flavor and antitumor activity of Ganoderma lucidum spore oil. [Methods] G. lucidum spore oil was separated and purified by molecular distillation technology, and the volatile components of different components of molecular distillation were analyzed by gas chromatography - ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) technology. Human liver carcinoma cells (HepG2), human breast cancer cells (MCF-7), and human cervical cancer cells (Hela) were selected as the tumor cell lines to be tested, and the cell viability was detected by the MTT assay. [Results] Molecular distillation effectively reduced small molecular substances produced by oil oxidation in G. lucidum spore oil, such as heptanal, octanal, linalool, hexanal, E-2-octanal, 3-ethylpyridine, etc. Among the heavy components, the content of esters was relatively high, mainly including ethyl levulinate, ethyl crotonate, and amyl butyrate. The MTT cytotoxicity test indicated that G. lucidum spore oil and its molecular distillation components had certain inhibitory effects on the growth of three tumor cells, and G. lucidum spore oil crude oil had the most significant antitumor activity. G. lucidum spore oil crude oil, heavy component, and light component had the most significant antitumor activity on HepG2 cells, followed by MCF-7 cells, and the weakest antitumor activity on Hela cells. The quality of G. lucidum spore oil became higher after molecular distillation, and the rancid smell was reduced, and molecular distillation had little effect on the antitumor activity of G. lucidum spores. [Conclusions] Molecular distillation technology can be applied to the refining of G. lucidum spore oil to improve product quality.【研究目的】对比分子蒸馏（molecular distillation）对灵芝孢子油（Ganoderma lucidum spore oil）风味与抗肿瘤活性的影响。【实验方法】采用分子蒸馏技术对灵芝孢子油进行分离纯化，并通过气相色谱-离子迁移谱（gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry，GC-IMS）技术分析分子蒸馏各馏分的挥发性成分。选取人肝癌细胞（HepG2）、人乳腺癌细胞（MCF-7）及人宫颈癌细胞（Hela）作为受试肿瘤细胞株，采用MTT法检测细胞活力。【实验结果】分子蒸馏可有效去除灵芝孢子油中油脂氧化产生的小分子物质，如庚醛（heptanal）、辛醛（octanal）、芳樟醇（linalool）、己醛（hexanal）、反式-2-辛醛（E-2-octanal）、3-乙基吡啶（3-ethylpyridine）等。重馏分中酯类物质含量较高，主要包括乙酰丙酸乙酯（ethyl levulinate）、巴豆酸乙酯（ethyl crotonate）及丁酸戊酯（amyl butyrate）。MTT细胞毒性实验结果显示，灵芝孢子油及其分子蒸馏馏分对三种肿瘤细胞的生长均具有一定抑制作用，其中灵芝孢子油原油的抗肿瘤活性最为显著。灵芝孢子油原油、重馏分与轻馏分对HepG2细胞的抗肿瘤活性最强，其次为MCF-7细胞，对Hela细胞的抗肿瘤活性最弱。经分子蒸馏处理后，灵芝孢子油的品质得以提升，哈喇味显著降低，且分子蒸馏对灵芝孢子油的抗肿瘤活性影响较小。【研究结论】分子蒸馏技术可应用于灵芝孢子油的精炼工艺，以提升产品品质。