Data from: Broad geographic sampling reveals predictable, pervasive, and strong seasonal adaptation in Drosophila

To advance our understanding of adaptation to temporally varying selection
pressures, we identified signatures of seasonal adaptation occurring in
parallel among Drosophila melanogaster populations. Specifically, we
estimated allele frequencies genome-wide from flies sampled early and late
in the growing season from 20 widely dispersed populations. We identified
parallel seasonal allele frequency shifts across North America and Europe,
demonstrating that seasonal adaptation is a general phenomenon of
temperate fly populations. Seasonally fluctuating polymorphisms are
enriched at large chromosomal inversions and we find a broad concordance
between seasonal and spatial allele frequency change. The direction of
allele frequency change at seasonally variable polymorphisms can be
predicted by weather conditions in the weeks prior to sampling, linking
the environment and the genomic response to selection. Our results suggest
that fluctuating selection is an important evolutionary force affecting
patterns of genetic variation in Drosophila.