Success rates and costs of large carnivore translocations in USD, including estimated Individual Conservation Cost (ICC) for each category.

A – Total cost for translocation study by category. B – Total cost without post-release tracking technology and expenses. *Individuals with unknown translocation outcome (n = 3) were removed from success rate calculations. An Individual Conservation Cost (ICC) is defined as the successful translocation in each category and accounts for failed attempts. Cost per ICC was estimated as the median cost/translocation success in each category, except for events because cheetah group releases resulted in both successful and unsuccessful translocations.