Data from: Standing genetic diversity and selection at functional gene loci are associated with differential invasion success in two non-native fish species

Invasive species are expected to experience a unique combination of high genetic drift due to demographic factors while also experiencing strong selective pressures. The paradigm that reduced genetic diversity should limit the evolutionary potential of invasive species and thus their potential for range expansion has received little empirical support, possibly due to the choice of genetic markers. Our goal was to test for effects of genetic drift and selection at functional genetic markers as they relate to the invasion success of two paired invasive goby species, one widespread (successful) and one with limited range expansion (less successful). We genotyped fish using two marker types: single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in known-function, protein-coding genes and microsatellites to contrast the effects of neutral genetic processes. We identified reduced allelic variation in the invaded range for the less-successful tubenose goby. SNPs putatively under selection were responsible for the observed differences in population structure between marker types for round goby (successful) but not tubenose goby (less successful). A higher proportion of functional loci experienced divergent selection for round goby, suggesting increased evolutionary potential in invaded ranges may be associated with round goby's greater invasion success. Genes involved in thermal tolerance were divergent for round goby populations but not tubenose goby, consistent with the hypothesis that invasion success for fish in temperate regions is influenced by capacity for thermal tolerance. Our results highlight the need to incorporate functional genetic markers in studies to better assess evolutionary potential for the improved conservation and management of species.入侵物种往往会经历由种群动态因素（demographic factors）引发的高强度遗传漂变（genetic drift），同时还需承受强劲的选择压力（selective pressures），二者构成了一种独特的双重作用模式。此前学界提出的“遗传多样性降低会限制入侵物种的进化潜力（evolutionary potential），进而制约其分布范围扩张能力（range expansion）”的研究范式（paradigm），几乎未获得实证支持（empirical support），这一现象可能与遗传标记（genetic markers）的选择有关。本研究旨在借助功能型遗传标记（functional genetic markers），探究遗传漂变与选择作用对两种成对研究的入侵虾虎鱼（goby）物种入侵成功性的影响：其中一种分布广泛（入侵成功），另一种则分布范围扩张受限（入侵成功率较低）。我们采用两种标记类型对虾虎鱼进行基因分型：一是已知功能的蛋白编码基因中的单核苷酸多态性（single nucleotide polymorphisms，SNPs），二是微卫星标记（microsatellites），以此对比中性遗传过程（neutral genetic processes）的作用效果。研究发现，入侵成功率较低的管吻虾虎鱼（tubenose goby），其入侵范围内种群的等位基因变异（allelic variation）水平有所降低。对于入侵成功的圆背虾虎鱼（round goby）而言，不同标记类型间种群结构（population structure）的差异，可归因于假定处于选择作用下的单核苷酸多态性；而在管吻虾虎鱼中则未观察到此现象。圆背虾虎鱼中，有更高比例的功能基因座（functional loci）经历了歧化选择（divergent selection），这表明入侵范围内种群进化潜力的提升，可能与圆背虾虎鱼更强的入侵成功性相关。圆背虾虎鱼种群中，与耐热性（thermal tolerance）相关的基因存在歧化差异，而管吻虾虎鱼则无此现象，这与“温带地区（temperate regions）鱼类的入侵成功性受耐热能力影响”的假说相符。本研究结果表明，未来相关研究需纳入功能型遗传标记，以更精准地评估物种的进化潜力，进而助力物种的保护与管理工作提质增效。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集包含两种非本地虾虎鱼（圆虾虎鱼和管鼻虾虎鱼）的遗传数据，用于研究入侵成功差异与功能基因位点的遗传多样性和选择之间的关系。数据包括单核苷酸多态性（SNP）和微卫星标记，分析显示成功入侵的圆虾虎鱼在功能基因（如耐热性相关基因）上表现出更强的选择信号和更高的进化潜力，这有助于解释其入侵优势。数据集为入侵物种的生态遗传学研究提供了关键资源，强调了功能基因标记在评估进化潜力和入侵风险中的应用价值。