Youth Development Study, 1988-2020 [St. Paul, Minnesota]

The Youth Development Study (YDS) was initiated as a school-based study of adolescent children and their parents to examine the consequences of formative experiences in adolescence for mental health, value formation, educational achievement, and multiple facets of behavioral adjustment. Particular attention was directed to the impacts of early work experience. Data were also obtained about parent-child and peer relationships and experiences in school. As the study continued, the focus shifted to adult development and attainment and, most recently, mid-life adjustment and health. This comprehensive longitudinal study now encompasses three generations: the initial cohort studied from adolescence to mid-life (G2), their parents (G1), and their adolescent children (G3). Data from three generations in the same families enable study of intergenerational relationships and differences in the experience of adolescence and transition to adulthood across parent and child cohorts. The YDS covers a wide range of topics of interest to sociologists, social psychologists, developmental psychologists, and life course scholars, including the development and impacts of agentic resources, socioeconomic attainment, processes of inter- and intra-generational mobility, objective and subjective work conditions, family relationships, intergenerational relationships, mental and physical health, and well-being. In-school administration of paper surveys during the first four years of the study was supplemented by mailed surveys. Subsequent data collection took place entirely by mail, with 19 surveys conducted between 1988 and 2011. A final survey was conducted on-line in 2019. Survey data was obtained from the parents (G1) of this cohort during the first and fourth waves of the study (1988 and 1991). Surveys of the children (G3) began in 2009, continued in 2010 and 2011 (by mail) and in 2019-2020 (online). The Youth Development Study measures a wide range of formative experiences and both psychological and behavioral variables, using survey methodology. The G1 surveys obtained information about socioeconomic background as well as attitudes toward teenage employment, the parents' own employment as teenagers, their current work experiences, and educational expectations for their children. The G2 surveys during the high school years included detailed questions about students' work and volunteer experiences, as well as experiences in their family, school, and peer groups, with an emphasis on the ways that working affected other life domains, mental health, and well-being. Shorter surveys containing many of the same topics were administered to students in 1992, 1993, and 1994, and included questions about current family and living arrangements. In 1995, a full survey was administered covering the wide range of topics included in previous surveys as well as information about career plans and life events that had occurred in the past five years. G2 Waves 9 through 19 (1997-2011) included many of the same questions contained in earlier surveys and additional sections that focused on the respondents' educational experiences, family relationships, sources of living expenses, and health and well-being. The most recent G2 survey (2019), administered on-line, included questions about support of aging parents. The YDS is unique in its coverage of both objective and subjective work experiences from adolescence to mid-life. The topics covered by the G3 surveys are very similar to the G2 variables described above. Variables in each G2 and G3 wave are included in cross-wave codebooks, available at the Data Archive Codebook website. For an overview of the Youth Development Study, see Mortimer, Jeylan T. (2012) "The Evolution, Contributions, and Prospects of the Youth Development Study: An Investigation in Life Course Social Psychology." Social Psychology Quarterly 75(1, March):5-27.

《青少年发展研究》（YDS）项目最初是一项基于学校的青少年及其父母的研究，旨在探讨青少年时期形成性经历对心理健康、价值观形成、教育成就以及行为调整多个方面的后果。特别关注早期工作经验的影响。同时，收集了关于亲子关系、同伴关系和学校经历的资料。随着研究的深入，焦点转向成人发展和成就，以及最近的成年中期调整和健康状况。这一综合性的纵向研究现在涵盖了三代人：从青少年时期到成年中期的初始群体（G2）、他们的父母（G1）以及他们的青少年子女（G3）。同一家庭三代人的数据使研究者能够研究跨代际关系以及父母和子女群体在青少年经历和成年过渡方面的差异。YDS涵盖了社会学家、社会心理学家、发展心理学家和生命周期学者感兴趣的一系列主题，包括代理资源的开发与影响、社会经济成就、跨代和代内流动性过程、客观和主观的工作条件、家庭关系、代际关系、心理健康和福祉。在研究的最初四年，通过在学校进行纸质问卷调查的方式收集数据，之后的数据收集完全通过邮寄方式进行，1988年至2011年共进行了19次调查。2019年进行了最后一次在线调查。在研究的前两波（1988年和1991年）中，从该群体的父母（G1）处获得了调查数据。从2009年开始对子女（G3）进行调查，并在2010年和2011年（通过邮寄）以及2019-2020年（在线）继续进行。青少年发展研究通过问卷调查方法测量了广泛的形成性经历和心理学及行为变量。G1调查获得了有关社会经济背景以及对待青少年就业、父母自身作为青少年时的就业经历、目前的工作经历以及对孩子教育期望的信息。G2调查在高中的年份中包括关于学生工作和志愿服务经历、家庭、学校和同伴群体经历的详细问题，特别关注工作如何影响其他生活领域、心理健康和福祉。在1992年、1993年和1994年对学生的简短调查中也包含了许多相同主题的问题，并包括了关于当前家庭和居住安排的问题。1995年进行了一次全面调查，涵盖了之前调查中包含的广泛主题以及过去五年中发生的职业计划和生活中的事件。G2的第9至19波（1997-2011年）包括了许多早期调查中的相同问题，并增加了关注受访者教育经历、家庭关系、生活费用来源以及健康和福祉的额外部分。最新的G2调查（2019年）在线进行，包括关于支持年迈父母的问题。YDS的独特之处在于其涵盖了从青少年到成年中期客观和主观工作经历的广泛内容。G3调查的主题与上述G2变量非常相似。每个G2和G3波次的变量都包含在跨波次代码簿中，可在数据存档代码簿网站上找到。关于青少年发展研究的概述，请参阅Mortimer, Jeylan T.（2012）发表的《青少年发展研究的发展、贡献和前景：生命周期社会心理学的调查》一文，发表于《社会心理学季刊》第75卷第1期（2012年3月）：5-27页。