alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate + NADP+ => D-glucono-1,5-lactone 6-phosphate + NADPH + H+

Cytosolic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) catalyzes the reaction of glucose 6-phosphate and NADP+ to form D-glucono-1,5-lactone 6-phosphate and NADPH + H+. This constitutes the first committed step of the pentose phosphate pathway and it is critical to the maintenance of NAPDH pool and redox homeostasis. For this reason, anti-cancer therapies are making this step as a prominent target in cancer therapy (Zhang et al. 2014). The reaction is inhibited by high ADP/AMP concentration, and by high NAPDH concentration. Biochemical studies indicate that both G6PD dimers and tetramers are catalytically active and present under physiological conditions in vivo (Au et al. 2000). Mutations that reduce the catalytic efficiency of G6PD are remarkably common in human populations; these appear to have a protective effect against malaria (e.g., Luzzatto and Afolayan 1968).

细胞质中的葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶（G6PD）催化葡萄糖-6-磷酸与NADP+的反应，生成D-葡萄糖酸-1,5-内酯-6-磷酸和NADPH + H+。这构成了戊糖磷酸途径中的首步决速反应，对于维持NADPH库和氧化还原稳态至关重要。因此，抗肿瘤疗法将这一步作为癌症治疗中的主要靶点（张等，2014年）。该反应受高浓度的ADP/AMP抑制，并受高浓度NADPH的抑制。生化研究表明，G6PD的二聚体和四聚体均具有催化活性，并且在生理条件下在体内存在（澳等，2000年）。降低G6PD催化效率的突变在人类群体中非常普遍；这些突变似乎对疟疾具有保护作用（例如，卢扎托和阿福拉扬，1968年）。