Raw data and code for: Drivers of nocturnal and diurnal pollinating insect declines in urban landscapes

Insect pollinators are essential for the health and resilience of terrestrial ecosystems, delivering key ecosystem services in the face of anthropogenic disturbance. Urbanisation may be a key threat to pollinator diversity and abundance.  However, the scale of the threat remains unknown due to an overwhelming research emphasis on bees and a lack of comparative studies of hyper-diverse taxa such as nocturnal moths. Consequently, the question of which pollinator groups will be more affected by urbanisation remains unknown, and the habitat features that support key taxa remain controversial. We conducted the first large-scale assessment of the negative effects of increasing urbanisation on the diversity of bee, hoverfly and nocturnal moths across three cities. We report up to a 43\% reduction in species richness along replicated urbanisation gradients, suggesting that a wide range of pollinators are limited due to abiotic stresses and limited resources in urban environments. Landscape..., , , **Raw data and code for: Drivers of nocturnal and diurnal pollinating insect declines in urban landscapes**

**Description of the data and file structure**

This repository contains the data and code used to run all models featured in the manuscript. It includes 2 datasets. The R script conducts the full analysis as described in the manuscript. Including VIF examination, model selection, model fitting, and adjusting p-values:

Data file: 

Ellis_et_al_2025/final_data/1_raw_insect_data.csv

* **Insect**: Taxonomic group of the observed insect (e.g., Bee).
* **City**: City where the observation was recorded.
* **Site**: Unique identifier for the site where data was collected.
* **Species**: Scientific name of the observed species (e.g., *Apis mellifera*).
* **Obs**: Count of individuals observed during the session.

Ellis_et_al_2025/final_data/2_meta_data.csv

* **MM_250m**: Area (in square meters) of man-made structures within a 250m buffer zone.
* **Garden_250m**: Area (in square me...,