基于遥感与GIS的水土保持应用研究

土壤侵蚀一直是遥感、地理信息系统应用研究的重要领域， 它们为土壤侵蚀研究提供丰富的信息资料和处理手段， 开辟新的广阔空间， 并把水土保持工作推向更深的层次。土壤侵蚀模型是预报水土流失、指导水土保持措施配置、优化水土资源利用的有效工具， 是水土保持研究的热点。 本文在黄河流域水土保持生态工程邙山生态园区监测评价子项目的资助下， 从水土保持的科学体系出发， 选取邙山小流域为例， 探讨遥感与GIS技术在小流域尺度下的水土保持应用。 首先采用有理函数对邙山小流域的IKONOS影像进行几何精纠正， 实现影像应用前的一般处理， 建立符合流域地理环境的解译标志， 采用人机交互目视解译方法获取土地利用现状图; 采用归一化植被指数提取流域的植被覆盖度。 综述了土壤侵蚀模型研究进展， 以经典的通用水土流失方程USLE为例， 对其降雨侵蚀力因子、土壤可蚀性因子、植被覆盖度因子、坡度坡长地形因子、水土保持措施因子进行深入的分析， 并在DEM格网上提取各个因子值， 实现邙山小流域水土流失量的估算， 提出相应的水土流失防治措施。 最后借助软件工程技术、采用面向对象的建模方法， 构建了基于遥感与GIS的水土保持应用系统原型， 并用于流域水土流失量的估算。Soil erosion has long been a critical research area in the applied studies of remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS). These technologies provide abundant information and processing tools for soil erosion research, open up new and broad research horizons, and promote soil and water conservation work to a deeper level. Soil erosion models, as effective tools for forecasting soil and water loss, guiding the configuration of soil and water conservation measures, and optimizing the utilization of water and soil resources, are a hot topic in soil and water conservation research. Supported by the Monitoring and Evaluation Sub-project of the Soil and Water Conservation Ecological Project of the Mangshan Ecological Park in the Yellow River Basin, this paper starts from the scientific system of soil and water conservation, takes the Mangshan small watershed as a case study, and discusses the application of remote sensing and GIS technologies in soil and water conservation at the small watershed scale. First, the rational function method was adopted to perform precise geometric correction on the IKONOS imagery of the Mangshan small watershed to complete the preliminary processing before image application. Interpretation signs consistent with the geographical environment of the watershed were established, and the current land use map was obtained through human-computer interactive visual interpretation. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was used to extract the vegetation coverage of the watershed. This paper reviews the research progress of soil erosion models. Taking the classic Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) as an example, it conducts an in-depth analysis of its five factors: rainfall erosivity factor, soil erodibility factor, vegetation coverage factor, slope length and steepness factor, and soil and water conservation support practice factor. The values of each factor were extracted from the DEM grid, the soil and water loss amount of the Mangshan small watershed was estimated, and corresponding soil and water loss prevention and control measures were proposed. Finally, with the aid of software engineering technology and adopting the object-oriented modeling method, this paper constructs a remote sensing and GIS-based application system prototype for soil and water conservation, and applies it to the estimation of soil and water loss amount in the watershed.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集聚焦于遥感与GIS技术在水土保持领域的应用研究，以黄河流域邙山小流域为例，通过影像处理、土地利用解译和USLE模型等方法估算水土流失量。研究最终构建了一个水土保持应用系统原型，旨在为流域水土流失防治提供技术支撑。