High spatiotemporal resolution traffic CO₂ emission maps derived from Floating Car Data (FCD) for 20 European cities (2023)

As part of the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS), this study estimates for the first time hourly street-level on-road transportation CO₂ emissions, aggregated into 100 m resolution hourly maps for 20 European cities in 2023. We used machine learning to upscale hourly GPS-based data covering major, middle, and small streets, which provides street-specific traffic counts and speeds of individual vehicles equipped with GPS, which report data to the database we used. Then, CO2 emissions were estimated using the COPERT model, and emission maps were developed. This approach enhances the spatial and temporal characterization of CO2 emissions in on-road transportation compared to the downscaling method used in other inventories, indicating the potential of GPS-based data for supporting future efforts in emission monitoring and developing emission reduction policies. The high-resolution hourly CO₂ emission dataset for 20 cities in 2023 is available in NetCDF format. Each city has an individual NetCDF file that provides gridded hourly emissions over the entire year of 2023. Their central x and y coordinates define the grid cells, and each file includes the variable CO2_g, representing emissions in grams per hour in the grid. Every grid’s size is 100 m × 100 m.