Global_Innovation_Index_Clustered_Panel_Data__With_PCA_2013_2022

The Global Innovation Index (GII), published annually by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), ranks the innovation performance of approximately 130 economies. This dataset refines the GII by including 118 economies with complete data across all years (2013–2022) and seven core pillars: Institutions, Human Capital and Research, Infrastructure, Market Sophistication, Business Sophistication, Knowledge and Technology Outputs, and Creative Outputs. GII scores and Innovation Input and Output Sub-Indices are also included for reference but excluded from clustering and PCA to maintain focus on the granularity of the seven pillars.

The K-means algorithm was used to cluster data, and five clusters were identified using the Elbow Method. This configuration was applied consistently across clustering approaches: input pillars, output pillars, all pillars combined, and PCA-enhanced clustering for each configuration. PCA was used to improve cluster separability and reduce dimensionality, resulting in additional cluster labels. The dataset enables detailed comparative analyses of innovation profiles, benchmarking, and temporal trend studies across economies.

Data Structure:

• Identifiers: Economy Name and ISO Code.
• Seven Core Pillars: Institutions, Human Capital and Research, Infrastructure, Market Sophistication, Business Sophistication, Knowledge and Technology Outputs, and Creative Outputs (2013–2022).
• Indices: GII Scores and Innovation Input/Output Sub-Indices for all years.
• Cluster Labels: Direct clusters for input, output, and all pillars; PCA-enhanced clusters for input, output, and all pillars.

This dataset is valuable for benchmarking innovation performance, supporting evidence-based policy-making, and studying innovation trends globally.