Data from: Species identification and spatial diversity patterns of the Giant Panda National Park (GPNP) in Chengdu, Sichuan, China

This dataset, titled "Data from: Species identification and spatial diversity patterns of the Giant Panda National Park (GPNP) in Chengdu, Sichuan, China" meticulously documents the spatial distribution of a diverse array of species within the Chengdu section of the Giant Panda National Park (GPNP) in Sichuan Province, China. It comprises 959 records, each pinpointing the precise latitude and longitude of observed species, including mammals like the Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), Red Panda (Ailurus styani), Takin (Budorcas tibetana), and various birds and small mammals. This comprehensive dataset, sourced from the 4th National Survey on Giant Pandas, is instrumental in analyzing biodiversity patterns across five distinct regions within the GPNP. It reveals that central regions such as Chongzhou Shi (CZS) and Dujiangyan Shi (DJYS) exhibit higher α-diversity, while Qionglai Shi (QLS) and Pengzhou Shi (PZS) show lower values, except for the Pielou’s evenness index, which remains consistent across regions. The β-diversity analysis indicates that species turnover significantly contributes to faunal heterogeneity, with nestedness playing a minor role. These insights underscore the critical need for holistic conservation strategies, emphasizing improved habitat connectivity and species dispersal corridors to sustain biodiversity. The dataset thus serves as a cornerstone for developing targeted conservation measures and establishing a robust long-term biodiversity monitoring system, ultimately enhancing the ecological sustainability of the GPNP and protecting isolated giant panda populations and their sympatric species.