<b>Harnessing landscape genomics to evaluate genomic vulnerability and future climate resilience in an East Asia perennial</b>

In this era of rapid climate change, understanding the adaptive potential of organisms is imperative for buffering biodiversity loss. Genomic forecasting provides invaluable insights into population vulnerability and adaptive potential under diverse climatic conditions, thereby facilitating management interventions, bolstering population resilience, and shaping germplasm conservation strategies tailored to specific species. Here we integrated population genomics and landscape genomics approaches, leveraging single-nucleotide polymorphisms obtained through whole-genome resequencing of 43 <i>Rheum palmatum</i> complex populations, to pinpoint adaptive variation and its significance in the context of future climates, delineate seed zones, and establish guidelines for <i>ex situ</i> germplasm conservation to capture the majority of existing adaptive diversity. Our analysis unveiled that the species complex comprised two distinct genetic clusters, exhibiting differential climate adaptation and genomic vulnerabilities across its distribution range. We also determined that the species range could be subdivided into three distinct seed zones, with varying sample requirements per seed zone corresponding to differed conservation efforts. Overall, our findings provide a genome-wide perspective on climate adaptation and valuable insights into germplasm conservation strategies aimed at enhancing population resilience in future climates, serving as a blueprint for restoration plans of other vulnerable species.

在气候变化加速演进的当下，解析生物的适应潜力对于减缓生物多样性丧失至关重要。基因组预测（Genomic forecasting）可为解析多样气候条件下的种群脆弱性与适应潜力提供宝贵见解，进而助力管理干预措施的制定、提升种群韧性，并构建针对特定物种的种质资源保护策略。本研究整合了种群基因组学与景观基因组学研究方法，依托对43个掌叶大黄（Rheum palmatum）复合群种群进行全基因组重测序（whole-genome resequencing）获得的单核苷酸多态性（single-nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs），精准定位适应性变异及其在未来气候背景下的意义，划定种子区，并为迁地（ex situ）种质资源保护制定指南，以保留绝大多数现存的适应性遗传多样性。分析结果显示，该物种复合群包含两个独立的遗传聚类群，在其分布范围内表现出差异化的气候适应性与基因组脆弱性。本研究同时确定，该物种的分布范围可划分为三个独立的种子区，各种子区的样本需求各不相同，对应差异化的保护投入力度。总体而言，本研究的发现为气候适应性研究提供了全基因组视角，同时为旨在提升未来气候下种群韧性的种质资源保护策略提供了宝贵参考，可为其他濒危物种的恢复计划提供借鉴范式。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集基于43个掌叶大黄复合种群的全基因组重测序数据，整合种群基因组学和景观基因组学方法，评估了物种在气候变化下的适应潜力和基因组脆弱性。研究发现该复合种包含两个遗传簇，并划分了三个种子区，为未来气候恢复力和种质资源保护策略提供了基因组学见解。