Immune profiles and DNA methylation alterations related to non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer outcomes. Immune profiles and DNA methylation alterations related to non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer outcomes

Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients receive frequent monitoring because ≥ 70% will have recurrent disease. However, screening is invasive, expensive, and associated with significant morbidity making bladder cancer the most expensive cancer to treat per capita. There is an urgent need to expand the understanding of markers related to recurrence and survival outcomes of NMIBC. Our results expand on the knowledge of immune profiles and methylation alteration associated with NMIBC outcomes and represent a first step toward the development of DNA methylation-based biomarkers of tumor recurrence. Overall design: Bisulphite converted DNA from white blood cells from 603 non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients, were hybridized to the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylationEPIC Beadchip v1.0_B4