Analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) results for microbiota composition compared between sample types on weighted and unweighted UniFrac distance beta diversity.

The test statistic R can range from 1 to 0. An R value close to 1 suggests dissimilarity between groups, whereas an R close to 0 suggests similarity between groups. Significance of the R statistic was determined by permuting group membership 999 times. When more than two groups were compared, in the case of calf feces and calf URT (upper respiratory tract), the samples were from all three age-groups (3, 14 and 35 days of life).