Additional file 1 of Extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stromal cells mediate endogenous cell growth and migration via the CXCL5 and CXCL6/CXCR2 axes and repair menisci

Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Expression of positive and negative cell-surface markers in mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), and their differentiation potential. (A) Representative flow cytometric profiles of colony-forming synovium-derived MSCs stained for CD44, CD73, CD90, and CD105 (positive cell-surface markers), and CD45 and CD31(negative cell-surface markers) (purple: isotype control; red: sample). (B) Chondrogenesis. Histological sections stained with toluidine bule are shown. (C) Adipogenesis. Culture dishes stained with oil red-O are shown. (D) Calcification. Culture dishes stained with alizarin red are shown. Fig. S2. Effect of MSC-EVs on meniscus regeneration. Histological and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of the best and the worst regenerated menisci with or without MSCs EV treatment. Samples were stained with HE, safranin-O/fast green, type II collagen (Col II), and type I collagen (Col I) (n = 6; 3 weeks). Fig. S3. Early effect of MSC-EVs in a mouse meniscal defect model. IHC evaluation of proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) staining after 1 week in the best and the worst regenerated meniscus with and without MSC-EV treatment. Fig. S4. Volcano plot presenting the transcriptome/RNA sequencing data for synovial MSCs cultured with or without MSC-EVs for 24 h (n = 4). Gene set enrichment analysis. Fig. S5. KEGG pathway analysis of synovial MSCs treated with MSC-EVs. Fig. S6. Protein-protein interactions on upregulated gene set in synovial MSCs treated with MSC-EVs.