Mal2 drives immune evasion by reducing antigen presentation on tumor cells

Current cancer immunotherapies are assumed to improve infiltration and cytotoxicity of immune cells in the tumor. However, tumor cells have developed a variety of resistance mechanisms to suppress the MHC class I antigen presentation, and thereby impair the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells. Here, we identified Mal2 as a key player that mediates the turnover of the antigen-MHC-I complex and reduce the antigen presentation on tumor cells. Mal2 promotes the endocytosis of tumor antigen via direct interaction with the MHC-I complex and endosome-associated Rab5/7. In mouse and human breast tumor models, inhibition of Mal2 profoundly enhanced the cytotoxicity of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells and suppressed breast tumor growth, suggesting that Mal2 is a potential target for breast cancer immunotherapy. Examination of wildtype, knock out and overexpression of MAL2 in cancer microenvironment