Genome-wide characterization of the 14-3-3 gene family of Lycium barbarum L. and its expression pattern analysis under Fusarium root rot infection

The 14-3-3 proteins are crucial for plant growth, development, and stress response. Lycium barbarum L., a major cash crop and medicinal plant, offers significant economic and ecological benefits. Nineteen genes encoding proteins with PF00244 typical conserved structural domains were found by looking through the whole genome of the L. barbarum. Phylogenetic analysis of L. barbarum and other plants showed that 14-3-3 proteins can be classified into ε and non-ε categories; gene structure analysis, gene length, and number of introns varied greatly among members of the 14-3-3 gene family of L. barbarum. Members of the LbGRFs family are unevenly distributed on chromosomes. The investigation of promoter cis-acting elements revealed that the LbGRFs promoter has cis-acting elements for several hormones and stressors. An analysis of covariance within the species indicates that fragment duplication is the primary cause of the 14-3-3 gene family amplification in L. barbarum. Several 14-3-3 genes experienced evolved from a common ancestor, according to the results of the interspecies covariance analysis of the tomato, Arabidopsis thaliana, and L. barbarum. In this work, we completed the genome-wide identification, evolution, and expression investigation of the L. barbarum's 14-3-3 gene family. These results provide important information for further study of the function of 14-3-3 gene family in L. barbarum. The results of qRT-PCR showed that the expression level of 14-3-3 gene family in L. barbarum was affected by root rot bacteria, which may play an important role in the resistance of L. barbarum to root rot disease.

14-3-3蛋白对于植物的生长、发育和胁迫响应至关重要。枸杞（Lycium barbarum L.），作为一种重要的经济作物和药用植物，具有显著的经济和生态效益。通过对枸杞全基因组进行筛查，共发现19个编码具有PF00244典型保守结构域的蛋白的基因。对枸杞及其它植物的系统发育分析表明，14-3-3蛋白可分为ε和非ε两类；在枸杞14-3-3基因家族成员中，基因结构、基因长度和内含子数量存在显著差异。LbGRFs家族成员在染色体上的分布不均。对启动子顺式作用元件的研究揭示了LbGRFs启动子含有多个激素和胁迫因子的顺式作用元件。物种内的协方差分析表明，片段重复是枸杞14-3-3基因家族扩增的主要原因。根据番茄、拟南芥（Arabidopsis thaliana）和枸杞之间的物种间协方差分析结果，有几个14-3-3基因是从共同祖先演化而来的。在本研究中，我们完成了枸杞14-3-3基因家族的全基因组鉴定、进化及表达研究。这些结果为深入探究枸杞14-3-3基因家族的功能提供了重要信息。qRT-PCR分析结果显示，枸杞中14-3-3基因家族的表达水平受根腐病菌的影响，这可能在枸杞抵抗根腐病中扮演着重要角色。