Mitigating Erroneous PMU measurements via an ANN to Enhance ML-based Transient Stability Prediction Accuracy

In our study, datasets of two simulators, namely phasor-based simulator and hybrid-type simulator are used. In the hybrid environment, first, the outputs of the phasor-based simulator are converted to instantaneous waveforms, then based on instruction, distortions and noises are added (superimposed) to these waveforms, and finally, the distorted waveforms are fed to the detailed model of PMUs simulated in EMT domain. Outputs of both simulators can be found in the submitted file. The outputs of the phasor-based simulator including voltage magnitude, voltage angle, and voltage frequency were named “Bus_Mag”, “Bus_Ang”, and “Bus_Freq”, respectively. The format of these files is cell array and each cell comprises a 39*17 single-precision array, where 39 is the number of buses that will be equipped with PMUs and 17 is the number of phasors quantities including pre-fault, during-fault, and post-fault data. On the other hand, the outputs of the hybrid simulator including voltage magnitude, voltage angle, and voltage frequency were named Bus_Mag_Hybrid, Bus_Ang_Hybrid, and Bus_Freq_Hybrid respectively. This file only comprises the first 5000 samples. The format of the aforementioned datasets is cell array and each cell comprises a 39*17 single-precision array, where 39 is the number of PMUs and 17 is the number of PMU measurements including pre-fault, during-fault, and post-fault measurements. The double-precision array “TSAT_Index” contain power angle-based stability index for each scenario, which can be obtained by observing the maximum angle separation between any two generators at the same time in post-fault response, to determine if any generator in the system is out of synchronism.

在本项研究中，我们采用了两种模拟器生成的数据集，即基于相量法的模拟器和混合型模拟器。在混合型环境中，首先，基于相量法的模拟器输出被转换为瞬时波形，随后根据指令，对这些波形添加（叠加）失真和噪声，最终，失真波形被输入至在电磁暂态（EMT）域内模拟的PMU详细模型。两种模拟器的输出均可在提交的文件中找到。基于相量法的模拟器输出包括电压幅值、电压相角和电压频率，分别命名为“Bus_Mag”、“Bus_Ang”和“Bus_Freq”。这些文件格式为单元数组，每个单元包含一个39*17的单精度数组，其中39代表将要配备PMU的母线数量，17代表相量数量，包括故障前、故障中及故障后的数据。另一方面，混合模拟器的输出包括电压幅值、电压相角和电压频率，分别命名为Bus_Mag_Hybrid、Bus_Ang_Hybrid和Bus_Freq_Hybrid。该文件仅包含前5000个样本。上述数据集的格式为单元数组，每个单元包含一个39*17的单精度数组，其中39代表PMU的数量，17代表PMU的测量数量，包括故障前、故障中及故障后的测量。双精度数组“TSAT_Index”包含基于功率相角稳定性的稳定性指数，对于每个场景，可以通过观察故障响应中任意两个发电机在同一时间的最大角度差分来获取，以确定系统中是否存在发电机失步。