COMPARING THE CONCEPTS OF "HOPE" AND "UMID" IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES

This article compares the cognitive-semantic and linguocultural structures of English “hope” and Uzbek “umid.” It examines their grammatical forms, semantic components, collocations, metaphors, pragmatic functions, and translation correspondences. Both concepts combine desire, future orientation, uncertainty, and belief in a favorable possibility. However, English hope functions freely as a noun and a verb, while Uzbek umid is mainly nominal and forms analytic constructions such as umid qilmoq and umid bog‘lamoq. English often foregrounds personal stance and agency; Uzbek frequently emphasizes patience, relational trust, and moral endurance. The two units are therefore close, but not fully identical, equivalents.