A survey of small-scale waves and wave-like phenomena in Jupiter's atmosphere detected by JunoCam

In the first 20 orbits of the Juno spacecraft around Jupiter, we have
identified a variety of wave-like features in images made by its
public-outreach camera, JunoCam.  Because of Juno’s unprecedented
and repeated proximity to Jupiter’s cloud tops during its close
approaches, JunoCam has detected more wave structures than any previous
surveys.  Most of the waves appear in long wave packets, oriented
east-west and populated by narrow wave crests.  Spacing between
crests were measured as small as ~30 km, shorter than any previously
measured.  Some waves are associated with atmospheric features,
but others are not ostensibly associated with any visible cloud phenomena
and thus may be generated by dynamical forcing below the visible cloud
tops.    Some waves also appear to be
converging and others appear to be overlapping, possibly at different
atmospheric levels.  Another type of wave has a series of fronts
that appear to be radiating outward from the center of a
cyclone.  Most of these waves appear within 5° of latitude from
the equator, but we have detected waves covering planetocentric latitudes
between 20°S and 45°N.   The great majority of the waves
appear in regions associated with prograde motions of the mean zonal
flow.   Juno was unable to measure the velocity of wave
features to diagnose the wave types due to its close and rapid
flybys.  However, both by our own upper limits on wave motions
and by analogy with previous measurements, we expect that the waves
JunoCam detected near the equator are inertia-gravity waves.