EVA Survey on Finnish Values and Attitudes Winter 2018

The study charted Finnish people's values and attitudes. The themes of the 2018 survey included the powers of the president, income distribution, the impact of robotics and artificial intelligence on work and employment, success in life and freedom in society. First, the respondents were presented with attitudinal statements concerning a variety of social topics. Regarding automation, views were examined on whether replacing human work with machines would increase unemployment, exacerbate income disparity, or make a robot tax an essential factor in funding social services. Some questions covered inequality, whether income disparity was acceptable, if shortening work times would improve employment, and if zero-hour contracts, tax reliefs and aid to enterprises were needed. It was also asked if it could be possible to temporarily lower immigrants' wages to make it more profitable to employ them, thus helping them to integrate. Next, the respondents' opinions on the powers of the president in different matters, such as foreign and security policy, education and research, and EU matters, were charted. Further questions on robots and artificial intelligence surveyed whether these factors had affected the respondent's own work in terms of salary, safety and working hours. Attitudes were examined towards utilising robots in e.g. self-driving cars and freight, social and healthcare services, warfare, industry, and surveillance. Income-related questions covered the respondents' perceived income group and their estimation of how effortless it was to get by with the current income in the household. The respondents were presented with five different figures depicting hierarchy in society, and they were asked to evaluate which figure best described the situation in Finland and which figure they would choose for Finland in an optimal situation. Finally, it was queried how important the respondents deemed a wealthy family background, education, ambition or chance for succeeding in life. It was also asked if different spheres of life in Finland, such as entrepreneurship, living and building, gambling, and traffic, allowed too little, the right amount, or too much freedom. Background variables included gender, age group, size of municipality of residence, region of residence (NUTS3), basic education, professional or vocational education, occupational status, type of employer, contractual (employment) relationship, industry of employment, perceived socioeconomic class, political party preference, and trade union confederation.

本项研究描绘了芬兰人民的价值观与态度。2018年调查的主题涵盖了总统权力、收入分配、机器人与人工智能对劳动和就业的影响、人生成功与社会自由等方面。首先，受访者被展示了一系列关于各种社会议题的态度陈述。关于自动化，考察了用机器替代人工劳动是否会增加失业率、加剧收入差距，或使机器人税收成为资助社会服务的关键因素。部分问题涉及不平等问题，例如收入差距是否可接受，缩短工作时间是否会改善就业，以及是否需要零时工作合同、税收减免和帮助企业。此外，还探讨了是否有可能暂时降低移民的工资，使其雇佣更具盈利性，从而帮助他们融入社会。接着，调查了受访者对总统在不同事项上的权力看法，例如外交和安全政策、教育和研究、欧盟事务等。进一步的问题围绕机器人与人工智能，调查了这些因素是否影响了受访者的自身工作，包括薪资、安全和工作时间。关于机器人应用的调查涵盖了自动驾驶汽车、货运、社会和医疗保健服务、战争、工业和监控等领域。与收入相关的问题涵盖了受访者感知的收入群体以及他们对当前家庭收入维持生计的难易程度的估计。受访者被展示了五幅描绘社会等级的不同图示，并被要求评估哪一幅图最能描述芬兰的现状，以及他们在理想情况下会选择哪一幅图。最后，调查了受访者认为家庭背景富裕、教育、抱负或机遇在人生成功中的重要性。此外，还询问了芬兰生活的不同领域，如创业、居住和建筑、赌博和交通，是否允许过少的、适量的或过多的自由。背景变量包括性别、年龄组、居住市镇的规模、居住地区（NUTS3）、基础教育、职业或职业教育、职业状况、雇主类型、合同（就业）关系、就业行业、感知社会经济阶层、政党偏好和工会联合会。