EMG Data.

Normalized EMG (mean ± SD) area are shown for stroke and control subjects’ wrist flexors (WF), wrist extensors (WE), brachioradialis, (BRD), biceps (BI), triceps (TRI), anterior deltoid (AD), posterior deltoid (PD), and pectoralis major (PEC) muscles. Stroke subjects always exhibited higher muscle activation levels at distal targets. Control subjects used relatively similar levels of muscle activation at each target for all but the AD (greater in distal workspace) and PD (greater in proximal workspace) muscles. Control subjects also increased muscle activity in response to Fd.