A global, temporally continuous, hourly CO2 concentration dataset at GAW monitoring stations for 2000-2024: Enabling fine-scale carbon dynamics analysis

This dataset provides a global temporally continuous hourly CO2 product for Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) monitoring stations from 2000 to 2024. The data package contains station-level NetCDF files at hourly, daily, and monthly temporal resolutions. The hourly files include station information, CO2 mole fractions, data_type labels distinguishing original observations from reconstructed values, and uncertainty estimates. The daily and monthly files are aggregated from the hourly product and provide mean CO2 mole fractions. The code package contains two R scripts implementing the two-stage station-level CO2 reconstruction workflow.Stage 1 (Stage 1: intra_day_gap_filling.R) fills missing hours on days with at least one valid hourly observation, and Stage 2 (Stage 2: full_sequence_reconstruction.R) reconstructs remaining station-time records based on the output of Stage 1.Detailed comments are included in the scripts to facilitate understanding, reproduction, and further development of the workflow. Detailed descriptions of the data files and code workflow are provided in README.md.