Enhanced torsional actuation and stress coupling in Mn-modified 0.93(Na<sub>0.5</sub>Bi<sub>0.5</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub>)-0.07BaTiO<sub>3</sub> lead-free piezoceramic system
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This paper is concerned with the development of a piezoelectric <i>d</i><sub>15</sub> shear-induced torsion actuator made of a lead-free piezoceramic material exhibiting giant piezoelectric shear stress coefficient (<i>e</i><sub>15</sub>) and piezoelectric transverse shear actuation force comparable to that of lead-based shear-mode piezoceramics. The Mn-modified 0.93(Na<sub>0.5</sub>Bi<sub>0.5</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub>)-0.07BaTiO<sub>3</sub> (NBT-BT-Mn) composition exhibited excellent properties as a torsional transducer with piezoelectric shear stress coefficient on the order of 11.6 C m<sup>–2</sup>. The torsional transducer, consisting of two oppositely polarized NBT-BT-Mn <i>d</i><sub>15</sub> mode piezoceramic shear patches, provided a rate of twist of 0.08 mm m<sup>–1</sup> V<sup>–1</sup> under quasi-static 150 V drive. The high value of piezoelectric shear <i>d</i><sub>15</sub> coefficient in NBT-BT-Mn sample further demonstrated its potential in practical applications. These results confirm that the lead-free piezoceramics can be as effective as their lead-based counterparts.
