Average estimates and corresponding standard errors of estimated parameters in the mediation model (100 simulation runs for each scenario).

is the estimator of b based on Eq 8 (i.e., the effect of mediator M on outcome Y); is an estimator of c2 based on Eq 10 (i.e., the genetic variance of Y that is not mediated by M); is an estimator of (a2 + g2)b2 based on Eq 9 (i.e., the genetic variance of Y that is mediated by M); average standard errors are reported between parentheses.