Ambient air pollution attributable YLLs

This dataset contains data Ambient air pollution YLLS of the year 2016 and the year 2019.Follow datasource.kapsarc.org for timely data to advance energy economics research.Rationale:
As part of a broader project to assess major risk factors to health, the
burden of disease resulting from exposure to ambient (outdoor) air
pollution was assessed. Ambient air pollution results from emissions
from industrial activity, households, cars and trucks which are complex
mixtures of air pollutants, many of which are harmful to health. Of all
of these pollutants, fine particulate matter has the greatest effect on
human health. In high-income countries, urban outdoor air pollution
ranks in the top ten risk factors to health, and is the first
environmental risk factor. Definition:
The burden of disease attributable to ambient air pollution can be
expressed as: number of deaths, death rate (both crude and
age-standardized), number of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs),
DALYs rate (both crude and age-standardized), and number of years life
lost (YLLs).
Death and DALYs rates are calculated by dividing the number of deaths or
DALYs by the total population (or indicated if a different population
group is used, e.g. children under 5 years, or children under 15 years).
Age-standardized rates adjust for differences in population age
distribution by applying the observed age-specific mortality (or DALYs)
rates for each population to a standard population. The age-standardized
rates can therefore be used to compare the rates of countries without
being affected by the differences in age distribution from country to
country.
Evidence from epidemiological studies have shown that exposure to
ambient air pollution is linked, among others, to the important diseases
taken into account in this estimate: 1) Lower respiratory infections in
general population, children under 5 years of age and children under 15
years of age; 2) Stroke in adults (25 years and over); 3) Ischaemic
heart diseases in adults (25 years and over); 4) Chronic obstructive
pulmonary diseases in adults (25 years and over); and 5) Trachea,
bronchus and lung cancers in adults (25 years and over).   Disaggregation: Estimates are available by age group and by sex. Method of estimation:
Burden of disease is calculated by first combining information on the
increased (or relative) risk of a disease resulting from exposure, with
information on how widespread the exposure is in the population (in this
case, the annual mean concentration of particulate matter to which the
population is exposed). This allows calculation of the 'population
attributable fraction' (PAF), which is the fraction of disease seen in a
given population that can be attributed to the exposure, in this case
the annual mean concentration of particulate matter. Applying this
fraction to the total burden of disease (e.g. cardiopulmonary disease
expressed as deaths or DALYs), gives the total number of deaths or DALYs
that results from ambient air pollution.