Experimental evolution for improved post-infection survival selects for increased disease resistance in Drosophila melanogaster

Disease resistance (defined as the host capacity to limit systemic infection intensity) and disease tolerance (defined as the host capacity to limit infection-induced damage) are two complementary defense strategies that help the hosts maximize their survival and fitness when infected with pathogens and parasites. In addition to the underlying physiological mechanisms, existing theory postulates that these two strategies differ in terms of the conditions under which each strategy evolves in host populations, their evolutionary dynamics, and the ecological and epidemiological consequences of their evolution. Here we explored if one or both of these strategies evolve when host populations are subjected to selection for increased post-infection survival. We experimentally evolved Drosophila melanogaster populations, selecting for the flies that survived an infection with the entomopathogen Enterococcus faecalis, and found that the host populations evolved increased disease resistance in re..., Host populations
Replicate Drosophila melanogaster populations were evolved parallelly, subjecting some of the populations to selection for increased post-infection survival, while maintaining the others as either procedural or uninfected controls. The experimental evolution set-up consisted of 12 populations in total, distributed into 3 selection regimes (figure 1, Singh et al., 2021): 
1. E1-4: Populations selected for better survival following infection with the Gram-positive bacterium Enterococcus faecalis. Every generation, 2–3-days old adult flies (200 females and 200 males) are subjected to infection with E. faecalis, and 96-hours post-infection, the survivors are allowed to reproduce and contribute to the next generation. At the end of 96 hours, on average 100 females and 100 males are left alive in each of the E1-4 populations.
2. P1-4: Procedural (sham-infected) control populations. Every generation, 2–3-days old adult flies (100 females and 100 males) are subjected to sham-in..., , # Experimental evolution for improved post-infection survival selects for increased disease resistance in Drosophila melanogaster.

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.xd2547dqr](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.xd2547dqr)

This consists of seven separate files of data from a set of experiments, addressing the evolutionary responses in disease resistance and disease tolerance. There are seven README files describing the seven data files.

## Description of the data and file structure

There are seven data files in this set. Each file corresponds to a particular experiment. There are seven README files to help understand the data.

## Sharing/Access information

These data come from a set of experiments described in the following pre-print:

Links to publications/pre-prints that cite or use the data: (bioRxiv)

[https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.14.580293v1.full](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.14.580293v1.full)

[https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.02.14.580293](https://d...