IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA AS A GLOBAL HEALTH CHALLENGE: RISK FACTORS, DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT, AND PREVENTION IN VULNERABLE POPULATIONS

Iron deficiency anemia is one of the most widespread nutritional and public health problems in the world. It occurs when the body does not have enough iron to produce hemoglobin, which is necessary for carrying oxygen in the blood. This condition is especially common among children, adolescent girls, pregnant women, women of reproductive age, and people living in low-income communities. Iron deficiency anemia can lead to fatigue, weakness, poor concentration, reduced work capacity, pregnancy complications, and delayed physical and mental development in children. According to the World Health Organization, anemia affects hundreds of millions of women and young children worldwide, making it a serious global health issue. This article discusses the main risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of iron deficiency anemia among vulnerable populations.