Everyday Extremism Scale

This repository contains supplementary files for the documentation regarding the Everyday Extremism Scale in WP6 of the OppAttune project. OppAttune is a Horizon-Europe funded project involving 17 partners across Europe and beyond which aims to develop an innovative Attunement Model which will track, attune, and limit the spread of extreme political narratives.The focus of the project is not on discourse which incites violence or engages in hate speech. Rather, on the spread of extreme narratives through seemingly ‘common sense’ discussions about polarising issues which create an ‘everyday extremism’. Everyday extremism is the gradual inclusion of extreme narratives, sentiments, and attitudes into the conversations of political actors and the general public, which then become normalised and acceptable.The files contained in this repository are organised as follows:<b>Data Files</b><i>Reddit_data.xlsx</i> - This file contains the data extracted from Reddit and the thematic analysis relating to it.<i>News_data.xlsx</i> - This file contains the data extracted from online news sources and the thematic analysis relating to it.<i>Data_1stround.xlsx</i> - The file contains the data collected from the first round of expert ranking. It also contains the descriptive statistics relating to this data.<i>Data_2ndround.xls</i>x - The file contains the data collected from the second round of expert ranking. It also contains the descriptive statistics relating to this data.<b>Analysis Files</b><i>MeansSignificanceTesting_1stround.spv</i> - This file contains the SPSS output for the analyses carried out after the first expert ranking exercise. The statistics tests pertaining to this output are primarily multiple pairwise comparisons.<i>FactorAnalysis_2ndround.spv</i> - This file contains the SPSS output for the analyses carried out after the second expert ranking exercise. It contains the output relating to the factor analysis which was conducted to identify the actions that are most strongly associated the underlying latent variable, Everyday Extremism.<i>WilcoxonSignedRankTest_2ndround.spv</i> - This file contains the SPSS output for the analyses carried out after the second expert ranking exercise. It contains the output relating to the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test which was carried out to determine whether the observed median was significantly different than the hypothetical median.<i>Cronbach_Output.spv</i> - This file contains the SPSS output for the reliability test carried out on the final list of 12 actions that comprise the Everyday Extremism Scale.<b>Methodology Summary</b>The process of developing the measure of Everyday Extremism involved seven distinct stages, briefly summarised as:1) data collection from Reddit followed by data collection from online news platforms; 2) data cleaning and identifying actions and themes;3) a first round of ranking in which experts were asked to rank the actions, that emerged from stage 2, from the most extreme (smallest rank) to the most everyday (largest rank); 4) an initial data analysis exercise to reduce the list of actions from stage 2 to a shorter list of actions, as informed by the results from stage 3; 5) a second round of ranking in which experts were asked to rank the actions, that were reduced in stage 4, from the most extreme (smallest rank) to the most everyday (largest rank); 6) a second data analysis exercise to reduce the list of actions from stage 4 to a final list of actions, as informed by the results from stage 5;7) cognitive interviewing to assess comprehension of the final set.

本仓库包含OppAttune项目工作包6（WP6）中《日常极端主义量表（Everyday Extremism Scale）》文档的补充文件。OppAttune是一项由欧盟地平线项目（Horizon-Europe）资助的科研项目，共有17家来自欧洲及其他地区的合作方参与，旨在开发一款创新性调谐模型（Attunement Model），用于追踪、调节并限制极端政治叙事的传播。本项目的关注重点并非煽动暴力或涉及仇恨言论的言论，而是通过围绕极化议题展开的看似“常识性”讨论所传播的极端叙事，这类讨论会催生“日常极端主义”。

日常极端主义指极端叙事、情绪与态度逐渐融入政治行为体与普通公众的对话，并最终被正常化与接受的过程。

本仓库所包含的文件按如下类别组织：
**数据文件（Data Files）**
*Reddit_data.xlsx*：该文件包含从红迪网（Reddit）平台提取的数据及其相关主题分析结果。
*News_data.xlsx*：该文件包含从在线新闻源提取的数据及其相关主题分析结果。
*Data_1stround.xlsx*：该文件包含首轮专家评级收集的全部数据，以及对应数据的描述性统计结果。
*Data_2ndround.xlsx*：该文件包含第二轮专家评级收集的全部数据，以及对应数据的描述性统计结果。

**分析文件（Analysis Files）**
*MeansSignificanceTesting_1stround.spv*：该文件包含首轮专家评级完成后所开展分析的SPSS（SPSS）输出结果，该输出对应的统计检验主要为多重配对比较。
*FactorAnalysis_2ndround.spv*：该文件包含第二轮专家评级完成后所开展分析的SPSS输出结果，其中包含与因子分析相关的输出内容，该分析用于识别与潜在潜变量日常极端主义（Everyday Extremism）关联最紧密的行为项。
*WilcoxonSignedRankTest_2ndround.spv*：该文件包含第二轮专家评级完成后所开展分析的SPSS输出结果，其中包含与Wilcoxon符号秩检验（Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test）相关的输出内容，该检验用于判断观测中位数与假设中位数是否存在显著差异。
*Cronbach_Output.spv*：该文件包含针对构成日常极端主义量表的最终12项行为条目开展克朗巴哈信度检验的SPSS输出结果。

**方法论摘要（Methodology Summary）**
日常极端主义量表的开发流程共包含七个明确阶段，简要概述如下：
1. 从红迪网（Reddit）采集数据，随后从在线新闻平台采集数据；
2. 数据清洗与行为项、主题识别；
3. 首轮专家评级：邀请专家对第二阶段得出的行为项进行评级，以极端程度最高者为最小排名值，日常化程度最高者为最大排名值；
4. 初步数据分析：依据第三阶段的结果，将第二阶段的行为项清单缩减为更精简的清单；
5. 第二轮专家评级：邀请专家对第四阶段缩减后的行为项进行评级，以极端程度最高者为最小排名值，日常化程度最高者为最大排名值；
6. 二次数据分析：依据第五阶段的结果，将第四阶段的行为项清单缩减为最终清单；
7. 认知访谈：评估受访者对最终行为项清单的理解程度。