Blood Transcriptome and Immune Cell Profiling in Naïve and Immune Goats infected with Gastrointestinal Nematodes

Gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infection severely impacts small ruminant health and productivity. This study compared blood, abomasum, and lymph node transcriptomes of naïve and immune Creole goats after Haemonchus contortus infection. The strongest transcriptional differences occurred at 21–35 dpi, with major immune and healing pathways modulated in immune animals. Immune goats showed higher B cell proportions across time points, supporting immune cell profiling as a marker of protective response against GIN.