Kale improves bowel movements in constipated women and affects some intestinal microbes and metabolite

Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine how the intestinal environment, including the intestinal microbiota and its metabolome, and stool frequency are affected by the kale intervention. A randomized controlled trial with 4-week consumption of kale or control food was conducted. We conducted integrated analysis of the intestinal microbiota and metabolome and analyzed the relationship with improvement of stool frequency.