Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development (JYLS): Interviews of 14-Year-Olds 1974

The data are part of the Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development (JYLS), in which the same individuals have been followed over 30 years. At this research stage, 14-year-olds' social behaviour and living circumstances were explored. The research stage also includes peer nominations and teacher ratings (FSD2073), and parent interviews (FSD2074). The interviews of the 14-year-olds included themes such as family, housing and living environment, school, self-image, use of alcohol and drugs, leisure, and hobbies. No predetermined response categories were used. The recorded interviews were classified only afterwards, when it was possible to observe the whole range of responses. First, the interviewees were asked about their living circumstances, household composition at the moment and in the past, how their day care was arranged in childhood, and whether there had been any maids or domestic workers in the family. The size of the apartment and opinions on the living environment were surveyed. In relation to school, the interviewees were asked how far from the school they lived, how they travelled to school, whether they usually liked school, and which subject they liked best. The interviewees told whether they had changed school, how they had felt about it, and whether any of their teachers had been close to them. They were also asked to evaluate their own school success and their parents' reactions to it. Some questions covered truancy. Opinions on the parents' attitudes to studying were probed as well. The interviewees were asked whether they usually tell their parents about their school day at home. The 14-year-olds' views on friends, violence, and plans after elementary school were queried, as well as their parents' attitudes to selecting friends, dating, and violence. The interviewees were asked to describe their mother and father, to tell about their work and health, and to determine how often they discussed various issues. The interviewees' relationship with their parents was also studied. The atmosphere of the family was surveyed by asking whether the 14-year-olds had any shared activities with their parents, whether the family used to eat supper together, and whether the parents were often away from home in the evening. In addition, the interviewees gave their views on how often they had disagreements with their parents, how they were punished for disobedience, and whether their parents knew where and with whom they spent their time. Further questions covered topics such as the interviewees' hobbies, where they got their pocket money from, and whether they had to be at home at a certain time in the evening. Some questions focused on smoking and alcohol use. In the interviews, information was also collected using the so called mirror technique. The interviewee was asked to imagine being a 65 year old pensioner who is looking back at his/her life, and to tell about his/her family, marriage, and occupation. The background variables included the respondent's gender.

该数据集隶属于于韦斯屈莱纵向人格与社会发展研究（JYLS），在此研究中，同一组个体被追踪了长达30年。在本研究阶段，对14岁青少年的社会行为和生活环境进行了探讨。研究阶段还包括同伴提名和教师评价（FSD2073），以及家长访谈（FSD2074）。14岁青少年的访谈涵盖了家庭、住房与生活环境、学校、自我形象、酒精与药物的使用、休闲和爱好等主题。未使用预先设定的回答类别。访谈记录仅在之后分类，此时能够观察到所有可能的回答范围。首先，受访者被询问其生活环境、当前及过去家庭构成、儿童时期日托的安排，以及家庭中是否有过女仆或家政工人。调查了公寓的大小和对生活环境的看法。关于学校方面，受访者被询问其居住地与学校之间的距离、上学方式、是否通常喜欢学校以及最喜欢哪门学科。受访者还被问及是否更换过学校，对此的感受，以及是否有教师与他们关系亲密。他们还被要求评估自己的学业成就以及父母对此的反应。一些问题涉及逃学。对父母对学习态度的看法也进行了探究。受访者被问及是否通常会在家中向父母讲述他们的学校生活。对14岁青少年对朋友、暴力和小学毕业后计划的观点进行了调查，以及父母对选择朋友、约会和暴力的态度。受访者还被要求描述他们的母亲和父亲，讲述他们的工作和健康状况，以及他们讨论各种问题的频率。受访者与父母的关系也被研究。通过询问14岁青少年是否与父母有共同活动、家庭是否曾经共进晚餐以及父母是否经常在晚上不在家来调查家庭的氛围。此外，受访者还被询问他们与父母发生分歧的频率、因不遵从而受到的惩罚，以及父母是否知道他们在哪里以及与谁共度时光。进一步的问题涵盖了受访者的小爱好、他们从哪里获得零花钱以及他们是否需要在晚上特定时间待在家中等话题。一些问题专注于吸烟和酒精的使用。在访谈中，还使用所谓的镜像技术收集信息。受访者被要求想象自己是一位65岁的退休者，正在回顾自己的生活，并讲述他们的家庭、婚姻和职业。背景变量包括受访者的性别。