Candidate genes with a moderate level of epidemiological evidence in lumbar disc degenerationa.

aBased on Venice interim guidelines [33], statistical significance level (p-value) of original association and replication level including also the absence of inconsistent replications. Amount of evidence increases when alleles are contrasted.bReported in the included studies.cCombined phenotype of disc space narrowing and presence of osteophytes.dOne negative replication report [54] in disc signal phenotype.