Baicheng You Chicken and Hotan Black Chicken: Intestinal Distribution of Gut Microbiota

This study takes two breeds of chickens (Hotan Black Chicken and Baicheng You Chicken, with fat deposition) that have lived in the Tarim Basin for a long time as the research objects. The system analyzes the geographical distribution characteristics of the microbiota in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and cecum. By combining full-length sequencing of 16S rRNA with functional prediction analysis, Identify the core gut microbiota in two types of chickens. The diversity and metabolic pathways exhibit significant spatial heterogeneity and host genetic dependency. At the phylum level, the abundance of Proteobacteria in Baicheng You Chicken is significantly higher than that in Hotan Black Chicken (p < 0.05). At the genus level, Lactobacillus and Ligilactobacillus are significantly enriched in Hotan Black Chicken (p < 0.05), The abundance of Enterococcus is significantly increased in Baicheng You Chicken (p < 0.05). The core microbiota in the duodenum are Lactobacillus (43.16%) in Hotan Black Chicken and Ligilactobacillus (37.03%) in Baicheng You Chicken. In the jejunum, the core microbiota are Lactobacillus (62.55%) in Hotan Black Chicken and Ligilactobacillus (60.76%) in Baicheng You Chicken. In the ileum, the core microbiota are Lactobacillus (50.63%) in Hotan Black Chicken and Enterococcus (32.37%) in Baicheng You Chicken. In the cecum, the core microbiota are Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group (46.87% in Hotan Black Chicken and 46.23% in Baicheng You Chicken). The cecum serves as a key metabolic hub. The microbial diversity is the highest. The differences in the functional predictions of the gut microbiota are most pronounced between the two breeds of chickens. Functional prediction indicates that, The cecal microbiota of Hotan Black Chicken play a role in fatty acid biosynthesis. The cecal microbiota of Hotan Black Chicken have advantages in pathways such as glycerol lipid metabolism. The cecal microbiota of Baicheng You Chicken are more inclined to lipopolysaccharide synthesis and sphingolipid metabolism, etc. This study has for the first time constructed a three-dimensional interaction framework of "intestinal segments - microbiota - function" for Hotan Black Chicken and Baicheng You Chicken. This study provides a theoretical basis for the targeted regulation of poultry gut microbiota and precision nutritional intervention.