Table1_Unraveling Intricacies of Monsoon Attributes in Homogenous Monsoon Regions of India.docx

India observes the summer monsoon in June–July–August–September (JJAS) season, and the livelihood security of a huge population depends on it. The impact of the monsoon onset timing, length of monsoon season, rainfall amount, and related extreme events is huge on the Indian economy. Therefore, understanding the inherent intricacies needed a detailed investigation. In five homogenous monsoon regions of India, the trend of monsoon onset and the length of monsoon season are examined. The association between 1) monsoon onset ∼ rainfall amount, 2) length of monsoon season ∼ rainfall amount, and 3) monsoon onset ∼ length of monsoon season is investigated. Subsequently, the behavior of rainfall and extreme excess days in the ±1 standard deviation (SD) length of monsoon season is also examined in detail. The trend for monsoon onset shows late onset in all the homogenous monsoon regions except the northeast region. The length of monsoon season is found increasing significantly with high magnitude in west central and northwest regions. A significantly strong negative correlation (∼−0.6) for monsoon onset timing ∼ length of monsoon season is observed. Therefore, the change in rainfall anomaly, extreme excess days, and rainy days is done concerning the length of the monsoon season. In the cases of the −1 SD (+1 SD) length of monsoon season, rainfall anomaly and extreme excess days are low (high) in most parts of the homogenous monsoon regions. Extreme excess days showed a significant association with rainy days, which indicates a high possibility of rainy days converting into extreme excess days. However, the increase in extreme excess days in the +1 SD length of monsoon season is limited to a great extent in JJAS and June only. Morlet wavelet power spectrum shows the delay (advance) of power in −1SD (+1 SD) length of monsoon season.