CODE from Mutually unbiased bases containing a complex Hadamard matrix of Schmidt rank three. 6 November 2019 26 February 2020

Constructing four six-dimensional mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) is an open problem in quantum physics and measurement. We investigate the existence of four MUBs including the identity, and a complex Hadamard matrix (CHM) of Schmidt rank three. The CHM is equivalent to a controlled unitary operation on the qubit-qutrit system via local unitary transformation I₂⊗V and I₂⊗W. We show that V and W have no zero entry, and apply it to exclude constructed examples as members of MUBs. We further show that the maximum of entangling power of controlled unitary operation is log₂3 ebits. We derive the condition under which the maximum is achieved, and construct concrete examples. Our results describe the phenomenon that if a CHM of Schmidt rank three belongs to an MUB then its entangling power may not reach the maximum.