Human enterovirus

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a highly contagious disease with several outbreaks in Asian-Pacific countries, including Thailand. The primary causative agents of HFMD have long been identified as human enteroviruses, particularly Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) and Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16). To investigate the molecular epidemiology of enteroviruses circulating in kindergartens in Bangkok, Thailand, during the 2023 academic semester, we used sequence-independent single primer amplification (SISPA) combined with Oxford Nanopore sequencing technology to obtain whole-genome sequences of the viral isolates.The complete genome analysis is also important for virus evolution, recombination analysis, and viral transmission.