Results of Bayesian Tip-association Significance testing (BaTS).

Association Index (AI) and Parsimony Score (PS) test the global association between a trait and tree topology, taking into account the level of uncertainty in the phylogenetic reconstruction. The Monophyletic Clade (MC) index tests which traits are associated with phylogeny. The observed mean and its associated 95% confidence intervals (Upper and Lower CI) were obtained by analyzing trees sampled during the Bayesian phylogenetic reconstruction. The null mean and its associated confidence intervals were obtained after randomly distributing the traits in the phylogeny (100 replica). The significance level is the p value for the statistical hypothesis test for equality between the index observed and that expected under no association. Each state was defined following the three-letter ISO code of the country where the sample was collected (see Phylogeography).