In vivo absorption and utilization of polysaccharides from Cordyceps militaris subspecies and their protective effects against CCl4-induced acute liver injury in mice

Cordyceps militaris, a medicinal and edible fungus, has garnered significant interest for its polysaccharides, known for their diverse physiological activities and health benefits. The active polysaccharide, CM-1, was isolated using hot water extraction and column chromatography, yielding a pure substance. Its structure was determined through various spectral and chemical techniques. CM-1 antioxidant capabilities were confirmed through in vitro assays. Additionally, its impact on iodine absorption and its hepatoprotective properties were investigated, particularly against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage in mice. The study found that CM-1 displayed a 5.71% absorption rate in the bloodstream, with a peak concentration of 1.24 mg in the liver. Notably, CM-1 effectively mitigated acute liver damage caused by CCl4 in mice. This was evidenced by reduced levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, along with enhanced expression of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in liver tissues. CM-1 also reduced malondialdehyde expression, further protecting against acute liver injury. These results indicate CM-1 promising potential as a dietary supplement for liver injury prevention and treatment.