Multi-omics study on the effect of moderate intensity exercise on protein of lactylation in mouse muscle tissue

To explore the effects of moderate intensity exercise on protein of lactylation in mouse muscle tissue metabolism. The healthy adult mice running for 6 weeks as exercise model and sedentary mice as control were used to perform transcriptomic, proteomic, lactylation-proteomics, and metabolomics analysis. In addition, correlation analysis between transcriptome and proteome, and proteome and metabolome was conducted as well. In this study, 159 lactate sites of 78 proteins were identified to be differentically regulated by moderate intensity exercise. Enrichment analysis showed that lactated proteins Mtatp8, Atp5mg and Atp5po exhibited ATP hydrolysis activity. They are involved in biological processes such as mitochondrial transmembrane transport, and Mtatp8, Atp5mg and Atp5po participate in Oxidative phosphorylation and Thermogenesis pathways. The lactation levels of Mtatp8, Atp5mg and Atp5po proteins in exercise group were significantly decreased, while their protein levels were significantly increased. The combined analysis of proteomics and metabolomics showed that the Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism pathway and Sphingolipid signaling pathway had significant changes under the influence of moderate intensity exercise. Our results showed that moderate intensity exercise has a certain effect on the lactylation level of mice, possibly by reducing lactylation levels of Mtatp8, Atp5mg and Atp5po and increasing the expression of their protein levels, thereby regulating the Oxidative phosphorylation pathway and participating in energy metabolism. 2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism pathway and Sphingolipid signaling pathway need to be further explored.