The effectiveness of TNF-α inhibitors in treating juvenile idiopathic arthritis: RNA-Seq study data.

This dataset aims to evaluate the differential expression of RNA in blood monocytes from patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) treated with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) antagonists. It explores the relationship between gene expression and the efficacy of TNF-α inhibitors in JIA treatment.MethodsA total of 29 children diagnosed with JIA and treated with a combination of methotrexate and TNF-α antagonist (MTX + TNFi) at Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center from April 2021 to November 2023 were enrolled in this study. After a 6-month treatment period, patients were categorized into two groups based on treatment response: an effective group (EG, n=16) and an ineffective group IG, (n=13). Peripheral blood samples were collected for the isolation of blood mononuclear cells, which were subsequently subjected to transcriptome sequencing.Data Collection and AnalysisThe sequencing data underwent quality control and was aligned to reference genomes, identifying a total of 18,523 protein-coding genes across all samples. Differential expression analysis revealed 705 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the effective and ineffective groups. Of these, 579 genes were significantly up-regulated in the effective group, while 126 genes were up-regulated in the ineffective group. The significance of DEGs was determined using a negative binomial distribution model, with a p-value threshold of P < 0.05 and a fold change (FC) greater than 1.5.