Characteristics of 745 invasive pneumococcal disease episodes in adults (aged 18–64 years): A comparison between patients with co-morbidities and healthy adults.

Unless otherwise indicated, data are reported as number (percentage). MIC denotes minimum inhibitory concentration.*Co-morbidities (some patients had more than one): HIV infection (n = 159), malignant disease (n = 143), chronic liver disease (n = 131), immunosuppressive therapy (n = 128), diabetes (n = 92), chronic pulmonary disease (n = 82), cardiovascular diseases (n = 45), transplant recipients (n = 29), chronic rheumatic disease or vasculitis (n = 20), asplenia (n = 19), end stage renal failure (n = 17), cerebrovascular diseases/degenerative brain diseases (n = 7).†Other clinical syndromes [healthy (n) vs. co-morbidities (n)]: primary bacteraemia (3 vs. 42), meningitis (27 vs. 37), spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (0 vs. 50), abdominal/biliary tract (2 vs. 11), soft tissue infections (0 vs. 7); endocarditis (3 vs. 0); osteoarticular (2 vs. 5); otitis/sinusitis (1 vs. 6).‡According to the new Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute breakpoints. Resistance to other antibiotics (healthy vs. co-morbidities): tetracycline (12% vs. 26%); co-trimoxazole (20% vs. 41%) and ciprofloxacin (0.5% vs. 1%).