Oden Arctic Technology Research Cruise (OATRC 2015) - Meteorological, Oceanographic and Ship Data Collected Onboard Icebreaker Oden during 18 September to 1 October 2015

In September 2015, the research expedition Oden Arctic Technology Research Cruise (OATRC 2015) was carried out in the Arctic Ocean north of Svalbard with the Swedish icebreakers Oden and Frej. The expedition was carried out by the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) in collaboration with the Swedish Polar Research Secretariat. Two similar expeditions was carried out in 2012 and 2013. OATRC 2015 was a project associated with Sustainable Arctic Marine and Coastal Technology (SAMCoT), which is a centre for research-based innovation, initiated by the Research Council of Norway and hosted by NTNU. The main scientific scope of the research expedition was: Collection of full-scale data necessary to build, calibrate and validate models for floaters in ice. Collection of full-scale data necessary to build, calibrate and validate models for Ice Management operations. Collection of data relevant for health, safety and environmental research. Investigation of exposure to whole body vibration for icebreaker crew. Whole body vibration denotes that the entire body is exposed to vibrations. Studies show that the risk for pain in the lower back is doubled when people are exposed to whole body vibrations. Few investigations have been conducted regarding exposure to whole body vibration for icebreaker crews. Previous studies have focused on other types of vessels, not icebreakers. The main purpose of the study was to measure level of exposure to whole body vibrations for icebreaker crew during Arctic icebreaking conditions. The levels of exposure will be compared to levels of acceptance as published by the Swedish Work Environment Authority and international standards. Depending on the results of the measurements, researchers may also investigate whether problems with the lower back are more common among icebreaker crews. The project was a test of the ability to use an ice radar to make continuous measurements of sea ice thickness from the icebreaker Oden. Different antenna types and different frequency ranges was tested and the software was adapted for use on a ship. An intermediate goal was to be able to read the measurements in real-time. The radar system has previously been used for snow and ice measurements in Antarctica and in Swedish fells. The researchers used CTD (Conductivity, Temperature, Depth), an oceanography instrument used to determine the salinity, temperature, and depth of the ocean, to quantify the water masses in a transect going from the shallow shelf out into deeper waters and through the ice front. Water samples was also collected to answer these questions: Can the differences in phytoplankton and bacterial communities found in a transect towards the ice front be explained by changes in physical/hydrographical factors? Does the ice and its microflora , direct or indirect, influence the plankton communities through shading or seeding the water with organisms and organic matter? The data will add to other chemical, biological, and physical data to give a better understanding of the biological functions at the ice edges, which are important for understanding of production, biodiversity and carbon circulation in Arctic waters. The researchers retrieved SAR data from Sentinel-1 and a number of other satellites during the expedition. The images was processed in near-real-time to create products of ice drift and ice convergence/divergence. This data set contains meteorological, oceanographic and ship data collected during the expedition Oden Arctic Technology Research Cruise 2015 (OATRC 2015), which was an international research cruise using the icebreaker Oden in the Arctic Ocean. Data includes meteorological variables: Air temperature, Humidity, Wind direction/speed, Atmospheric pressure, Cloud height/cloudiness, Photosynthetic Active Radiation (PAR). Oceanographic variables: Sea water temperature, Conductivity, Salinity and Sound velocity. Ship data: Position, Speed, Course, Water depth. Further metadata on instrumentation and the individual variables can be found in the info file. Graphics and files describing the route are included in the package. Quality Information: Obviously erroneous data (e.g. negative air pressure) have been omitted. No other processing or quality check of the data has been undertaken. Users should be aware of this in further data handling and analysis.2015年9月，奥登北极技术研究巡航（Oden Arctic Technology Research Cruise，简称OATRC 2015）考察活动在斯瓦尔巴德以北的北冰洋开展，使用瑞典破冰船奥登号（Oden）与弗雷号（Frej）执行任务。 本次考察由挪威科技大学（Norwegian University of Science and Technology，NTNU）联合瑞典极地研究秘书处共同实施，2012年与2013年曾开展过两次同类考察。 OATRC 2015是可持续北极海洋与海岸技术（Sustainable Arctic Marine and Coastal Technology，SAMCoT）相关项目之一。SAMCoT是由挪威研究理事会发起、挪威科技大学托管的研究型创新中心。 本次考察的核心科学目标包括： 1. 采集用于构建、校准及验证浮冰漂浮体模型所需的全尺寸实测数据； 2. 采集用于构建、校准及验证冰区作业管理模型所需的全尺寸实测数据； 3. 采集与健康、安全及环境研究相关的数据； 4. 开展破冰船船员全身振动暴露情况的调查。 全身振动指人体整体暴露于振动环境中，研究表明，当人体暴露于全身振动时，下背部疼痛的风险会翻倍。目前针对破冰船船员全身振动暴露的研究极少，既往研究多聚焦于其他类型船舶，而非破冰船。本次研究的核心目的是测量北极破冰作业环境下，破冰船船员的全身振动暴露水平，并将该暴露水平与瑞典工作环境管理局发布的接受标准及国际标准进行对比。根据测量结果，研究人员还将进一步探究破冰船船员的下背部问题发病率是否更高。 本项目同时测试了利用冰雷达从破冰船奥登号上连续测量海冰厚度的可行性。研究人员测试了不同天线类型与频率范围，并针对船舶使用场景适配了配套软件，中期目标是实现测量数据的实时读取。该雷达系统此前曾用于南极及瑞典山地的冰雪测量。 研究人员使用了CTD（电导率、温度、深度仪，Conductivity, Temperature, Depth，简称CTD）——一款用于测定海水盐度、温度与深度的海洋学仪器——来量化从浅海大陆架延伸至深水区并穿过冰缘的断面内的水团分布。 同时采集了水样以解答以下两个科学问题： 1. 冰缘断面内观测到的浮游植物与细菌群落差异，是否可通过物理/水文因素的变化加以解释？ 2. 海冰及其微生物区系是否通过遮光或向水体接种生物与有机质，直接或间接影响浮游群落？ 上述数据将与其他化学、生物及物理数据相结合，以深化对冰缘带生物功能的理解，而冰缘带对于认识北极海域的生产力、生物多样性及碳循环具有重要意义。 考察期间，研究人员获取了哨兵-1号（Sentinel-1）及其他多颗卫星的合成孔径雷达（Synthetic Aperture Radar，SAR）数据，并对影像进行近实时处理，生成冰漂移及冰聚散/辐散产品。 本数据集包含奥登北极技术研究巡航2015（OATRC 2015）考察期间采集的气象、海洋学及船舶数据，该考察是一次利用破冰船奥登号在北冰洋开展的国际性科学巡航。 数据内容涵盖： - 气象变量：气温、湿度、风向/风速、大气压力、云高/云量、光合有效辐射（Photosynthetic Active Radiation，PAR）； - 海洋学变量：海水温度、电导率、盐度及声速； - 船舶数据：位置、航速、航向、水深。 更多关于仪器及各变量的元数据可参见说明文档，数据包中还包含航线相关图表及文件。 质量说明： 显然存在错误的数据（如负气压值）已被剔除，未对其余数据进行其他处理或质量校验。使用者在后续的数据处理与分析中需注意这一点。