The potential intervention mechanism of FNDC5/Irisin signaling pathway in diabetic cognitive impairment

Diabetic cognitive impairment(DCI)is one of the common complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). With the increasing prevalence of T2DM, the incidence of DCI has also risen annually, severely threatening the quality of life for patients. Studies have shown that the accumulation of β-amyloid(Aβ)and tau proteins in the brains of T2DM patients is closely associated with cognitive decline and may promote the onset of Alzheimer's disease(AD). In recent years, the influence of skeletal muscle on cognitive function through the muscle-brain axis has gradually gained attention. This paper systematically summarizes the mechanisms of DCI, particularly the role of the muscle-brain axis in the development of DCI, highlighting the regulation of myokines such as irisin and brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). It also analyzes the research progress of the FNDC5/Irisin signaling pathway as a potential intervention target for diabetic cognitive impairment and proposes corresponding therapeutic strategies.