Reports from the 1985 ANARE expedition to Heard Island

Report of the 1985 A.N.A.R.E to Heard Island. This document contains the following scientific reports: Zoology - elephant seals, fur seals, General Zoology - leopard seals, fish, insects, birds; Botany - lant communities, lichens and mosses; Limnology - Zooplankton and phytoplankton; Earth Sciences - meteorology, geomagnetism, glaciology, general mapping, general phenomena; Miscellaneous Collections; History; Environmental Impact Assessment; Site Clean up; Building report and Camp inventory; Logistics; Field Operations; Recommendations; Bibliography; Appendix.Taken from the report:The 1985 ANARE to Heard island was of greater duration than any since 1963, although brief stopovers have been made by other ANAREs more recently. It was also the first time since the 1950s that biological research was the major scientific endeavour of two ANARE parties working simultaneously at both ends of the island. This reflects renewed interest in The Territory of Heard Island and The McDonald Islands and its surrounding Exclusive Economic Zone, which has a significant fishery potential.As studies on the population of the Island's Elephant Seals may offer methods of monitoring major changes in the relative balance of high level consumers in the marine ecosystem (See below), the expedition had as its highest priority the thorough censusing of Elephant Seals on the Island over the pupping period, as part of an international program aimed at monitoring the total population of these seals. A census of the whole island, by counting seals hauled out on beaches, necessitated two parties; one at Atlas Cove and the other at Spit Bay.The expedition was also given the tasks of carrying out a limited clean up of the old Atlas Cove camp (following an explicit brief which recognised its heritage value), of making a site survey for the proposed camp, and of producing an Environmental Impact Assessment of the proposed site. Other tasks included the deployment of magnetometers and the regular measurement of absolute magnetic values, a comparative meteorological program at either end of the island, an assessment of seal blubber by ultrasound, a collection of Elephant Seal blood samples for electrophoretic analysis, a Fur Seal census, a botanical survey and a general biology program made up of many small sections.Also included is a copy of the Archaeologist's report from the same expedition:(From the report)Heritage items of national significance relating to the now defunct remote sealing industry and Australia's first ANARE station occur at Atlas Cove.Heritage items of local significance relating to the later history of the ANARE station also occur at Atlas Cove.Recommendations for the protection of significant artefacts are:1) in the short term significant structures and artefacts should be retained in situ.2) significant structures should be maintained to prevent or arrest further deterioration.3) loose artefacts should be collected together to protect them from loss or further damage.4) hazardous and other littler should be removed.5) an archaeologist should accompany the Heard Island clean-up party to identify significant items and record the site.6) in the long term, significant structures and artefacts may have to be returned to Australia to ensure their survival, but this should only be done after the site has been recorded.